Long-Term Demography of Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in a Lion-Depleted but Prey-Rich Ecosystem

Sammanfattning

Interspecific competition has strongly shaped the evolution of large carnivore guilds. In Africa, the lion (Panthera leo) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta, hereafter hyena) exert direct and indirect competitive impacts on each other and on subordinate guild members. The impacts of competition on demography are complex and not well understood. With carnivore guilds now ubiquitously impacted by humans, disentangling the effects of interspecific competition and other drivers of hyena demography is important. Western Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) provides a unique natural experiment where lions were functionally eliminated from the system. Hyenas are the apex predator, with an abundant prey base and low levels of human-hyena conflict. We measured GLE hyena survival and density using mark-recapture models fit to 10 years of data from 663 known individuals in 11 clans. GLE hyena densities were high, though slightly lower than other wildebeest-dominated systems, and stable over 10 years. Survival rates were high for all age-sex classes, and higher than those of other systems with high lion density, suggesting the possibility of competitive release from lion competition. These findings provide insights into long-term hyena demography in the absence of their top competitor but with an abundant prey base. As humans continue to alter ecosystems and fundamental ecological relationships such as interspecific competition, altered dynamics such as competitive release are likely to be widespread and should be a focus of future research.

Nyckelord

competitive release; ecosystem recovery; hyena survival; interspecific competition; large carnivore guild; population density; population dynamics; spotted hyena

Publicerad i

Ecology and Evolution
2025, volym: 15, nummer: 4, artikelnummer: e71025
Utgivare: WILEY

SLU författare

• Martens, Sandra

  • Institutionen för vilt, fisk och miljö, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
    
  • Zambian Carnivore Programme

• Spong, Göran

  • Institutionen för vilt, fisk och miljö, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
    
  • Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE)

UKÄ forskningsämne

Ekologi

Publikationens identifierare

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71025

Permanent länk till denna sida (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/141498