DMI fungicide resistance in Zymoseptoria tritici is unlinked to geographical origin and genetic background: a case study in Europe

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici causing Septoria tritici blotch (STB), is a devastating foliar pathogen of wheat worldwide. A common group of fungicides used to control STB are the demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). DMI fungicides restrict fungal growth by inhibiting the sterol 14-alpha-demethylase, a protein encoded by CYP51 gene and essential for maintaining fungal cell permeability. However, the adaptation of Z. tritici populations in response to intensive and prolonged DMI usage has resulted in a gradual shift towards reduced sensitivity to this group of fungicides. In this study, 311 isolates were collected pre-treatment from nine wheat-growing regions in Europe in 2019. These isolates were analysed by high-throughput amplicon-based sequencing of nine housekeeping genes and the CYP51 gene.RESULTSAnalyses based on housekeeping genes and the CYP51 gene revealed a lack of population structure in Z. tritici samples irrespective of geographical origin. Minimum spanning network (MSN) analysis showed clustering of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) based on CYP51 haplotypes, indicating an effect of selection due to DMI fungicide use. The majority of the haplotypes identified in this study have been reported previously. The diversity and frequencies of mutations varied across regions.CONCLUSIONUsing a high-throughput amplicon-sequencing approach, we found several mutations in the CYP51 gene combined in different haplotypes that are likely to cause fungicide resistance. These mutations occurred irrespective of genetic background or geographical origin. Overall, these results contribute to the development of effective and sustainable risk monitoring for DMI fungicide resistance. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Keywords

Septoria tritici blotch; population structure; fungicide resistance; CYP51; haplotypes

Published in

Pest Management Science
2025, volume: 81, number: 2, pages: 1103-1112
Publisher: JOHN WILEY AND SONS LTD

SLU Authors

• Oreiro, Eula Gems

  • Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Samils, Berit

  • Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Friberg, Hanna

  • Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Berlin, Anna

  • Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Zhan, Jiasui

  • Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Andersson, Björn

  • Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

UKÄ Subject classification

Agricultural Science
Microbiology

Publication identifier

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8514

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/142580